Please define civilization. Although most of the worlds civilizations began in river valleys, please identify a civilization within Western Civilization, that did not begin in a river valley. Please explain why this civilization was successful.

The minimum length of each essay is three complete sentences that are written in Standard English. Please do not combine the answers for two or more questions into a single essay. At the beginning of each essay answer, please write the number of the question that is being answered.
1.Please define civilization. Although most of the worlds civilizations began in river valleys, please identify a civilization within Western Civilization, that did not begin in a river valley. Please explain why this civilization was successful.
2. Please use facts, geographical factors, and primary sources to evaluate the argument the Ancient Egyptian Civilization offered its participants a better quality of life than was offered by the Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization.
3. Please evaluate the argument that the Ancient Persian Civilization was successful, because it used the experience of prior Ancient Mesopotamian civilizations.
4. Please explain why the Ancient Classical Greek Civilization was intellectually creative, but it was not durable. In your answer, (a) please give specific examples of creative achievements, (b) please explain how some of this creativity was part of the Axial Age, and (c) please explain the influence of the Ancient Egyptian Civilization on the Ancient Classical Greek Civilization.
5. Please use facts and primary sources to evaluate the argument that Alexander the Great was lucky, rather than smart.